Abstract Introduction Mental health in training physicians is a growing issue. The aim of this study was to investigate emotional distress in psychiatry residents. Method This web-based survey evaluated 115 (62%) psychiatry residents in training in the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul. The DSM-5 Self-Rated Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure-Adult, the Patient Health Questionnaire-2, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-concise, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were all administered. Linear regression models were estimated with burnout dimensions as dependent variables. Result Positive screening rates were 53% for anxiety, 35.7% for somatization, 16.5% for depression, and 7% for suicidal ideation. Half of the male residents were at risk of alcohol abuse and dependence. Regarding burnout, 60% met criteria for emotional exhaustion, 54.8% for depersonalization, and 33% for low personal accomplishment. The most consistent risk factors were the nature of the relationships with preceptors, relations to the institutions themselves, age, and the quality of relationships with family. Conclusion Besides disconcerting rates of psychiatric symptoms, the study revealed that characteristics of the workplace (i.e., the nature of relationships with preceptors and relations to the institution) can be regarded as potential targets for development of interventions aimed at improving mental health during training periods.

ABSTRACT In Brazil, the provision of mental health care in primary care centers has gained strategic importance, as it ensures that users will be able to attend these services within their communities, and empathy is a key aspect in the development of the doctor-patient relationship. The aim of this study was to identify characteristics related to empathy in physicians who work in primary care centers and who provide care to individuals with mental disorders. Qualitative research was carried out in 2016, based on semi-structured interviews with eight general and family physicians. Material from the interviews was analyzed using content analysis techniques and three categories emerged: empathy in the active listening of the physician, strategies that allow for better patient care, and the mobilization of emotions. The use of empathy is intrinsically linked to the resolutive capacity of care, and the characteristics identified were active listening, resource management, and the development of methods to overcome the structural obstacles of daily routines.

RESUMEN En Brasil, el cuidado en salud mental en los centros de atención primaria se tornó estratégico, dado que garantiza que el usuario asista en su territorio, y la empatía es de gran importancia en el desarrollo de la relación médico-paciente. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar características relacionadas con la empatía en médicas y médicos que trabajan en el primer nivel y atienden a personas con sufrimiento mental. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, en 2016, con entrevistas semiestructuradas a ocho médicas y médicos generalistas y de familia. Los relatos se analizaron con la técnica de análisis de contenido y se identificaron tres categorías: empatía en la escucha activa del médico, estrategias que permitan una mejor atención del paciente y movilización de sentimientos. El uso de la empatía está intrínsecamente relacionado con la resolutividad de la atención y las características encontradas fueron la utilización de la escucha activa, el manejo de recursos y el desarrollo de métodos para superar trabas estructurales del cotidiano.

ABSTRACT In Brazil, the provision of mental health care in primary care centers has gained strategic importance, as it ensures that users will be able to attend these services within their communities, and empathy is a key aspect in the development of the doctor-patient relationship. The aim of this study was to identify characteristics related to empathy in physicians who work in primary care centers and who provide care to individuals with mental disorders. Qualitative research was carried out in 2016, based on semi-structured interviews with eight general and family physicians. Material from the interviews was analyzed using content analysis techniques and three categories emerged: empathy in the active listening of the physician, strategies that allow for better patient care, and the mobilization of emotions. The use of empathy is intrinsically linked to the resolutive capacity of care, and the characteristics identified were active listening, resource management, and the development of methods to overcome the structural obstacles of daily routines.

RESUMEN En Brasil, el cuidado en salud mental en los centros de atención primaria se tornó estratégico, dado que garantiza que el usuario asista en su territorio, y la empatía es de gran importancia en el desarrollo de la relación médico-paciente. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar características relacionadas con la empatía en médicas y médicos que trabajan en el primer nivel y atienden a personas con sufrimiento mental. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, en 2016, con entrevistas semiestructuradas a ocho médicas y médicos generalistas y de familia. Los relatos se analizaron con la técnica de análisis de contenido y se identificaron tres categorías: empatía en la escucha activa del médico, estrategias que permitan una mejor atención del paciente y movilización de sentimientos. El uso de la empatía está intrínsecamente relacionado con la resolutividad de la atención y las características encontradas fueron la utilización de la escucha activa, el manejo de recursos y el desarrollo de métodos para superar trabas estructurales del cotidiano.

Experimentações cirúrgicas em nível laboratorial com o uso de animais são necessárias para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa médica. Estes estudos têm o objetivo de identificar o mecanismo das doenças, pesquisar a ação e eficácia de novos medicamentos ou marcadores biológicos, além de desenvolver e aprimorar novas terapêuticas. Em relação aos modelos experimentais relacionados à lesão raquimedular, há diversas metodologias descritas sobres o manejo desses animais, especialmente em relação ao uso de analgésicos, antibióticos e manejo pré e pós operatórios. Essa variedade metodológica resulta na falta de uniformidade e padronização entre os estudos, prejudicando a interpretação adequada e a comparação entre os resultados. Diante deste cenário, este estudo tem objetivo de estabelecer um protocolo padrão sobre o manejo dos ratos submetidos a modelos experimentais de trauma raquimedular.

Surgical experiments with laboratory animals are necessary for medical research. These studies aim to clarify the mechanism of disease, investigate the action and efficacy of new drugs or biological markers, as well as develop and enhance new therapies and apply new techniques. Regarding the models of spinal cord injury (SCI), there are several different methods that address the handling of the animals, especially concerning the use of analgesics, antibiotics and pre- and postoperative management. The lack of uniformity and standardization among the studies does not allow the understanding of the model of SCI or the proper handling of the paraplegic animals, hampering the adequate interpretation and comparison of results. The goal of this study is to establish a standard protocol on the handling of animals subjected to experimental models of SCI.

La realización de experimentos quirúrgicos con animales de laboratorio son necesarios para la investigación médica. Estos estudios tienen por objeto aclarar el mecanismo de las enfermedades, investigar la acción de nuevos medicamentos y marcadores biológicos, así como desarrollar y mejorar nuevas terapias y aplicar nuevas técnicas. En cuanto a los modelos animales de lesión de la médula espinal (SCI), existen varios métodos diferentes que abordan el cuidado de estos animales, especialmente en relación con el uso de analgésicos, antibióticos y manejo pre y post operatorio. La falta de uniformidad y estandarización entre los estudios no permite la comprensión del modelo de SCI o el manejo adecuado del animal parapléjico, lo que dificulta la interpretación y comparación adecuada de los resultados. El objetivo de este estudio es establece un protocolo estándar de manejo de animales sometidos a modelos experimentales de SCI.